The Workshop on "Materials Nanoarchitectonics for Sustainable Development" was held in Gora, Hakone, on March 24-26, 2010. This workshop was part of the “Invitation Program for Advanced Research Institutions in Japan” sponsored by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The participants, consisting of 13 invited guests from non-Asian countries (excellent senior scientists and young researchers) and 18 mostly young scientists from MANA/NIMS, gathered at a famous hot-spring resort near Tokyo to have fruitful discussions in a unique international atmosphere.