14Porphyromonas Gingivalis detectionWe report a novel and efficient strategy to access high performance nanozymes via direct atomization of platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) into single atoms. Fig. 1 shows the schematic preparation process of Pt-SACs s and Pt-SACs based immunoassay for Porphyromonas Gingivalis (PG) detection. Platinum single atom nanozyme were prepared by rever sintering process and the TEM and HAADf images are shown in Fig 2a-f. The sensitivity of this sensing system was evaluated by monitoring the change of sample absorbance as a function of the concentration of PG cells. A linear calibration curve was obtained as a function of the concentration of PG Cells with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.991 (Fig. 2g) and with a linear range of 101– 106 cells mL-1. Research Digest Fig 1. Schematic Illustration of Pt single-atom nanozyme based immunoassay for PG DetectionFig 2. The (a) TEM image, (b) AC HAADF STEM image and (c, d) EDS mapping images, (e) AC HAADFSTEM image and (f) an enlarged image of Pt-SACs. The calibration curve for detection of the PG in (f) PBS, (h) artificial saliva and (i) selectivity.To understand the effect of complex medium, further the detection of PG was also performed using artificial saliva as detection medium as shown in (Fig. 2h). As shown in Figure 2i, it is demonstrated that AbPG-Pt-SACs did not bind to other bacteria or proteins due to the specificity of the antibodies. These results strongly showcased how the developed nanozyme sensor is reliable for detecting the viruses2.2 Photoelectrochemical Detection In this work, well-defined Pt single atom catalysts (Pt SACs) were integrated on the surface of semiconductors, which amplified the PEC signals via boosting oxygen reduction reaction. Harnessing the oxygen reduction property and peroxidase-like activity of Pt SACs, a robust PEC sensing platform was successfully constructed for the sensitive detection of NoV-LPs as shown in Fig. 3 a, b. Pt-SACs will boost the interfacial reactions of a typical p-type semiconductor of Cu2O to realize sensitive PEC analysis. Pt SACs exhibit efficient peroxidase-like activity, which can effectively catalyze the oxidation of 4-chloro-1-naphthol insoluble precipitates to depress photocurrent similar to horse radish peroxidase (HRP).Fig 3. Schematic illustration depicting the (a) Synthesis process of Pt SACs@Cu2O-MXene and (b) principle of the PEC platform using Pt SACs, (c) photocurrent response after incubation with various concentrations of NoV-LPs, (d) calibration curve, (e) selectivity. After the successful synthesis and characterization of the nanomaterials, several optimizations have been performed to determine the ideal conditions for detection. The photocurrent response at various concentration range of Nov-LPs continuously increased with the increase in NoV-LPs concentration (Fig. 3c). The linear relationship between the power density and the NoV-LPs concentration ranging from 10 fg mL–1 to 10 pg mL–1, shows a correlation coefficient Fig. 3d of 0.996 (). These results indicate that the developed PEC sensor for NoV-LPs detection exhibits the electrochemical method and wide linear range detection, which can offer accurate and reliable quantitative results.References 1) Ganganboina et. al. Biosens. Bioelectron. 185,113261, 2021. 2) Qin et. Al. ACS Nano, 16, 2997-3007, 2022. 3) Ganganboina et. al. Microchemica acta., 190, 46, 2023.(4-CN) ultra-sensitivity including benefits, into of 1. Outline of ResearchIn the absence of therapeutic agents, early-stage detection of viruses and other pathogens is imperative for outbreak prevention and pandemic control [1]. The prerequisite involves the design of a biosensor capable of yielding a quantitative signal for individual viral or pathogen particles [2]. Nanozymes and self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors have garnered significant attention in healthcare systems. Nonetheless, the sluggish interfacial reactions of photogenerated carriers, coupled with the necessity for appropriate photoactive layers in sensing, pose challenges for the development of advanced PEC platforms [3]. In this context, as a proof of concept, we present a nanozyme and PEC virus detection approach employing engineered multicomponent nanomaterials to enhance nanozyme activity and PEC signals 2. Research Activities2.1. Platinum single-atom based nanozyme for Engineering Photoelectrochemical Detection by Combining Nanozyme and Oxygen ReductionAkhilesh Babu GANGANBOINA
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